Flying-machine.



J. J. v. KAU LYNSKAS.

FLYING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FIL BD JULY 12, 1910.

Patented July 30, 1912.

4 SHEETSSHBBT 1.

INVENT JR ATTORNEY J. J. V. KAULYNSKAS.

FLYING MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED JULY 12, 1910.

1,034,120. Patented July 30, 1912.

4 snzmsmnnm 2.

WITNESSES I IINVENTOR J JZSGZ/IJ 1/ h lyzzskas Mai 46W.

J. J. V. KAULYNSKAS.

FLYING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 12, 1910.

Patented July 30, 1912.

4 SHEETSSHEET 3'.

WITPVJESSES ATTORNEY J. J. V. KAULYNSKAS.

FLYING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 12, 1910.

Patented July 30, 1912.

4 SHBETSSHEET 4.

kw- A ATTORNEY JOSEPH J. v. KAULYNsKA's, or PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

FLYING-MACHINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July 30, 1912.

Application filed July 12, 1910. Serial No. 571,600.

To all whom it may concern:

' Be it known that I, JOSEPH J. V. KAULYN- SKAS, a citizen of Russia,residing at Philadelphia, in the county of Philadelphia and State ofPennsylvania, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement inFlying- Machines, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to a new and useful improvement in flying machines,and has for its object to provide a device of this character, which willbe very simple and economical in construction, and to provide aconstruction in the form of wings, each of said wings comprising twoblades, the surface of one acting upon the air in its downward movement,while the other one feathers the air in its upward movement. Theseblades are designed to rotate during the revolution of the wing therebyalways bringing the same surface of the bladeto act upon the air, andthis surface is concave.

Another purpose of the invention is to provide a reliable and efficientmeans for rotating the blades during the revolution of the wings, saidmeans having an adjustment whereby the pitch of the blades may be variedso that in the downward movement of the blades they will force the airinward toward the machine or outward therefrom.

Another object of the invention is to provide uprights which supportplanes, said planes being'pivoted to the uprights, whereby they arepermitted to move for steering .the machine upward or downward.

A still further object of the invention is to provide with thisconstruction a rudder formed of vertical and horizontal planes,

permitting the machine to be steered horizontally or vertically,

. or simultaneously.

lvith these ends in view, this invention consists in the details ofconstruction and combination of elements hereinafter set forth and thenspecifically designated by the claims. X

In order that those skilled in the art to which this inventionappertains may understand how to make and use the same, I will describeits construction, in detail, referring by letter to the accompanyingdrawing forming a part of this specification, in which eitherindependently Figure 1 is a plan view of a flying machine made' inaccordance with my improvement. Fig. 2., a side elevation thereof, aportion of one of thewings and one of the rudders being broken away.Fig. 3, an enlarged side elevation of ii portion of the machine showingthe manner in which the planes are manipulated. Fig. 4, a side elevationof the mechanism for rotating the blades of the wings, the cam beingshown in section, and a portion of the blades being broken away. Fig. 5,an enlarged plan view of one of the rudders showing its relation to theframe of the machine. Fig. 6, an end view thereof. Fig. 7 a sideelevation of the steering mechanism. Fig. 8, an end view thereof. Fig.9, a front elevation of the ball and socket jointwhich permits thedifferent movement of the steering rudder. Fig. 10, a section atthe lineof .Fig. 9. Fig. 11, a face view of the cam for operating the blades ofthe wings.

In carrying-outmy invention as here embodied, A represents a suitablefralne'mounted upon the wheels B. On this frame is mounted a centralshaft C and two end shafts D, the central shaft C and one of the endshafts D being operated from the engine F. and connected thereto by abelt or cable F, one strand of which runs upward over the groove pulleyG, then over a pulley Hupon the end shaft, around the same, under thecentral shaft, over a pulley I, then to the pulley J and back to theengine. The other end shaft is driven by the belt K, running over thepulley L on the central'shaft and the pulley M upon said end shaft. Uponeach end of these shafts is mounted a wing N, composed of two blades 0,these blades being curved from end to end to produce a concaved face,which acts upon the air during the down strokebf the blades.

The construction of the operating parts of these wings will now beexplained in detail.

On the outer end of each. of,the shafts C and D is mounted a bearing Q,in which is journaled a short shaft R at right angles to the main shaft,and to each end of each of these short'shafts is securely attached oneof the blades 0. To each of these short shafts is connected an arm S,the outer end of which is bifurcated for the reception of one .endo-fthe link T, the opposite endof said link being attached to the lever U,said lever being pivoted to the bracket V, which is mounted upon themain shafts C and D.

' On the end of the lever .U opposite to which the link T is attached isadjustably mounted the bracket W, being held in any desiredatlji'lstment by the set screw Y. To this bracket is attached one end ofthe rod Z, the opposite end being pivoted to the end of another memberof the bifurcatedcam arm A, which is pivoted at 1 to the bracket I 2;said bracket being attached to the main shaft. One of the members of thebifurcated arm rests upon each side of the cam B which is attached tothe frame A by suitable rods orbrackets 3. In order that the frictionbetween the cam arm A and thecam. B may be reduced to a minimum, I placein each member of the bifurcated arm A a roller 0 having a convexperiphery 4c,

in order that'they may run on a relatively small portion of the surfaceof the cam regardless of their posit-ion during the revolutions of thewings.

From the foregoing description it. will be seen that as the shafts C andD revolve the uppermost blades of each wing will be rotated one-quarterturn in one direction whenthey reach an approximately vertical position,thus presenting the concave face of the blade to the air, in this mannerproducing a suflicient amound of buoyancy to lift the machineaconsiderable distance. The opposite or lowermost blade will besimultaneously rotated one-quarter turn in the opposite direction,feathering it or turning its edge so that it will cut the air during aportion of its revolution. Under certain conditions it is founddesirable to either force the air slightly inward or outward with thedownward movement of the blades, and to acfcomplish this the pitch .Ofthe blades is changed, the adjustment being made by sliding the bracketW along the lever U, which will move the end of the lever U to which thebracket W is attached toward or away from the bifurcated arm A, whichthrough the medium of the link T and the arm S will give the desiredpitch.

On the top of the frame Aare secured two sets of uprights D, to theupper ends of which are pivoted the horizontal planes E composed of aframe 5, said frames be-- ing covered with a suitable material such ascanvas 6, as is customary in appliances of this character. These planesare adapted to move to various positions for balancing the machine invarying air currents and also for steering; the machine upward ordownward regardless of the direction in which the rudders are turned.

On the frame -in.proximit; to the operators seat is situated a steeringwheel F, to which is connected and wound t-hereabout,

the adjusting cables 7, each of which runs over suitable pulleys, and isfastened to the inner or adjacent edges of the planes, as at 8, so thatwhen the steering wheel F is revolved in the proper direction, the inneredges of the planes will be drawn downward, causing the machine to turnits nose upward *for ascending. To this same steering wheel F are alsoattached other adjusting cables 9, which are wound about said steeringwheel in a direction opposite to the cable 7. These cables also runaround suitable pulleys, and their ends attached to the outer edges ofthe planes, so that when the steering wheel F is revolved in thedirection opposite to that just described, the planes will be drawn tothe position shown in dotted lines, in Fig. 3, causing the machine todescend. When these planes are in a horizontal position the machine willfly in the same plane, unless the rudders move vertically, which willcause the machine to ascend or descend slowly to a limited degree aswill be hereinafter described.

, G represents the rudders each composed of two parallel horizontalplanes 10, these being spaced apart and having mounted between them twoparallel vertical planes. One of these rudders is mounted at each end ofthe machine and extends a sufficient distance beyond the machine toprevent them interfering with the wings when said rudders are shifted toeither side, and if found desirable the inner corners ,of the horizontalplanes may be cut on an angle, as indicated by 12, thus giving a greateramount of space between the blades of the wings and the rudders. Each ofthese rudders is mounted 'upon the outer end of the rudder stafl" H,,the inner end of which extends a considerable distance into the frame,as indicated by 13. This staff has a ball 1 L mounted thereon whichforms a part of the ball and socket joint I.

' The socket portion 15 of the joint is composed of two semi-circularportions 16 and 17, having openings 18 through which the rudder staflpasses. These semi-circular portions have lugs 19 formed therewiththrough which passes a bolt 20, said bolt also passing through the posts21, which form a portion of the frame A of the machine, thus securelyattaching the socket to. the frame, and as the socket is fastened toboth posts 21, they will be prevented from spreading.

From this description it will be seen that the ball 14 may be placed inthe socket because of the two portions, and said socket then fastened inplace for holding the rudder staff, and being a ball and socket jointwill permit the rudder to be moved'hori zontally or vertically, causingthe machine to turn to either side and upward or downward. When therudders are in any of the vertical positions which assist in causingchine, said movements being either upward orilow'nivard or to eitherside,

In order that the rudders may; be lowered, I attach the ropes 22 'tosuitable eyes '23 'mounted upon the inner end of the rudder staff. Theseropes run over the guide pulleys 2 k to one of the steering wheels F sothat when said steering wheel is operated both rudders will be movedsimultaneously. From the rudder staffs also run other ropes 25 to thesteering wheel so that as said steering wheel is moved in the oppositedirection the rudders will be elevated. To the rudder staffsare alsosecured other ropes '26, which run to another steering wheel for movingthe rudders toone side, the ropes 27 being similar to the ropes 26 andrunning to the opposite side of the same steering wheel for operatingthe rudders in the opposite direction.

The mechanism. which operates the cables to the rudder and planes iscomposed of the steering wheel F, mounted upon a shaft 28, journaled inthe frame 29, said shaft having mounted thereon a worm gear 30 meshingwith the gear 31, which is mounted upon theshaft 32, said shaft carryinga bevel gear 33,,meshing with the bevel gear 34, carried by the shaft35, on which is also mounted the sprocket wheel 36, said sprocket wheelengaging the chain 37, which is held in placeby the idler 38. To theends of the chain 37 are attached the different cables for operating theparts, as hereinbefore described.

J denotes the propeller, situated at one end of the machine and mountedupon the shaft K, leading directly from the engine E, thus producing adirect drive for said propeller. The shaft K is provided with areversing mechanism'L whereby the propeller J may be reversed forholdingback the machine while landing;

Of course I do not wish to be limited to the exact details ofconstruction here shown,

as these may be varied within the limits of the appended claims withoutdeparting from the spirit of my invention.

' Having thus fully described my invention,

what I claim as new and useful, is

1..The combination in amachine of the character described, of a frame,shafts journaled in said frame, the ends thereof extending beyond thesides of the frame, means for revolving said shaft in the samedirection, a bearingmountedupon each end of each shaft, a short shaftjournaled in each of said bearings at right angles to the main shaft, awing/composed of two blades, a

blade being secured to each end of the short shaft, a bifurcated armsecured to each of the short shafts, a bracket mounted upon each of themain shafts and adapted to revolve therewith, a lever journaled in saidbracket, a link for connecting one end of said bracketwith thebifurcated arm, an other bracket attached to the main shaft and adaptedto revolve therewith, a'bifurc ated arm pivoted to said bracket, aroller mounted in each port-ion of the'bifurcated arm, a cam againstwhich these rollers bear for operating the bifurcated arm, a bracketadjustably mounted upon the lever, and a rod for connecting the lastnamed bifurcated arm with the adjustable bracket.

2. In the combination of a machine of the character described, of aframe, shafts journaled in said frame, the ends thereof extendingbeyondthe sides of the frame; means for revolving said shafts in the samedirection,

a bearing mounted upon each end of each shaft; a short shaft journaledin each of said bearings at right angles to the main shaft; wings, eachcomposed of two laterally concaved blades, a blade being secured at itslongitudinal center to each end of the short shafts; and an arm mountedto each of short shafts; a bracket mounted upon each of the main shaftsand adapted to revolve therewith; a lever journaled in said bracket; alink for connecting one end of said bracket with the arm; and means foroscillating the lever.

3. In the combination of a machine of the character described, of aframe, shafts journaled in said frame, the ends thereof exten dingbeyond the sides of the frame; means for revolving said shafts in thesame direction, .a bearing mounted upon each end of each shaft; a shortshaft journaled in each of said bearings at right angles to the mainshaft, wings, each composed of two laterally concaved-blades, a bladebeing secured at its longitudinal center to each end of the shortshafts; and an arm mounted to each of short shafts; a bracket mountedupon each of the main shafts and adapted to revolve therewith; a leverjournaled in said bracket, a link for connecting one end of said bracketwith the arm; another, bracket mounted upon the main shaft'and revolvingtherewith; a bifurcated arm pivoted to said bracket; means forconnecting said bracket with the lever; and means for operating thebifurcated arm to oscillate the lever, thus turning the short shaftturn.

4. In the combination of a machine of the character described, of aframe, shafts journaled in said frame, the ends thereof excured at itslongitudinal center to each end of the short shafts; and an arm mountedto each of short shafts; a bracket mounted upon each of the main shaftsand adapted to revolve therewith; a lever journaled 111 said bracket, alink for conecting one end of said bracket with the arm; another bracketmounted upon the main shaft and revolving therewith; a bifurcated armpivoted to said bracket; means for connecting said bracket with thelever; and a cam on each side-of which runs one portion of thebifurcated arm for transmitting a rotary motion to the short shaft.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto affixed my signature in thepresence of two subscribing Witnesses.

A. E. BUSH, B. I. WIDzENAs.

